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To monitor Celery beat, give each periodic task its own heartbeat URL and ping it from the worker when the task succeeds, with a task_success signal handler. If beat is down, the message sits in a queue no worker reads, or the task raises, the ping does not arrive and you get an alert. The trap is that beat only publishes messages: its log prints Sending due task on schedule whether or not anything ever runs the task.

To monitor a database backup, make the backup script check its own output (exit code, file size, a table you know must be there) and ping a heartbeat URL only when all of it passed. If that ping does not arrive on schedule, you get an alert. A backup that failed, wrote an empty file, hung, or never started all look the same from the outside: no success ping.